Difference between revisions of "Group 7"

Latest revision as of 17:00, 11 December 2019

Key Stage 4

Meaning

Group 7 elements, also known as Halogens on the Periodic Table are the elements which have 7 electrons in their outer shell.


Group 7 elements are shown in green at the right of the Periodic Table.

About the Halogens

The Halogens have similar chemical properties because they all have 7 electrons on their outer shell.

Halogens all produce ions with a -1 relative charge because they gain an electron in chemical reactions.

The Halogens in order from most reactive to least reactive are:

Fluorine (F)
Chlorine (Cl)
Bromine (Br)
Iodine (I)
Astatine (At)

Chemical Properties

The reactivity of Halogens decreases as you go down the Periodic Table.

Halogens all react strongly as bleaching agents.

Halogens all produce acids when combined with Hydrogen.

Halogens are toxic to bacteria and are used in disinfectants.

		In a chemical reaction an extra electron is added to the outer shell. The reactivity decreases as you go down the group because: The outer electrons are further away from the nucleus with each additional electron shell making the force of attraction weaker. This makes it less able to gain an extra electron. Even though the charge of the nucleus increases the outer electrons are shielded from most of the positive charge of the nucleus by electrons in the inner shells.

Physical Properties

The physical properties of Halogens changes significantly as you go down the Periodic Table:

Fluorine - A yellow gas at room temperature.
Chlorine - A green gas at room temperature.
Bromine - A brown liquid at room temperature.
Iodine - A purple solid at room temperature.
Astatine -A dark purple solid at room temperature.

The density, melting point and boiling point all increase as you go down the Periodic Table.

References

@@ Line 24: / Line 24: @@
 : '''Halogens''' all [[Chemical Reaction|react]] strongly as [[Bleaching Agent|bleaching agents]].
 : '''Halogens''' all produce [[acid]]s when combined with [[Hydrogen]].
-: '''Halogens''' are [[Toxic]] to [[bacteria]] and are used in [[disinfectant]]s.
+: '''Halogens''' are [[toxic]] to [[bacteria]] and are used in [[disinfectant]]s.
+{| class="wikitable"
+|-
+|[[File:Group7ElectronShells.png|center|100px]]
+|[[File:Group7ElectronShielding.png|center|100px]]
+| style="height:20px; width:400px; text-align:left;" |In a [[Chemical Reaction|chemical reaction]] an extra [[electron]] is added to the [[Outer Shell|outer shell]].
+The [[reactivity]] decreases as you go down the group because:
+*The outer [[electron]]s are further away from the [[Atomic Nucleus|nucleus]] with each additional [[Electron Orbital|electron shell]] making the [[force]] of [[attract]]ion weaker. This makes it less able to gain an extra [[electron]].
+*Even though the [[Electrical Charge|charge]] of the [[Atomic Nucleus|nucleus]] increases the outer [[electron]]s are shielded from most of the [[Positive Charge|positive charge]] of the [[Atomic Nucleus|nucleus]] by [[electron]]s in the inner shells.
+|}
 ===Physical Properties===
@@ Line 34: / Line 44: @@
 *[[Astatine]] -A dark purple [[solid]] at [[Room Temperature|room temperature]].
 : The [[density]], [[Melting Point|melting point]] and [[Boiling Point|boiling point]] all increase as you go down the [[Periodic Table]].
+===References===
+====AQA====
+:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1471851354/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1471851354&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=9012a0d354024419214fb3ad5ac44ba0 ''Group 7 (halogens), pages 131-4, GCSE Combined Science Trilogy 1, Hodder, AQA '']
+:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/0008158762/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=0008158762&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=a0fffa35b3ea49a63404f6704e0df7cc ''Group 7 (halogens), pages 44-5, 46, GCSE Chemistry; Student Book, Collins, AQA '']
+:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945598/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945598&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=ad276ad49df77ab4b40ab4fd0fe09972 ''Group 7, page 110, GCSE Combined Science; The Revision Guide, CGP, AQA '']
+:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945571/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945571&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=9e29fad914244909903e5e93f8a01d147 ''Group 7, page 25, GCSE Chemistry; The Revision Guide, CGP, AQA '']
+:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1471851346/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1471851346&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=3ac654f4b0da781c49c855a1af4c92ea ''Group 7, pages 16-18, GCSE Chemistry, Hodder, AQA '']
+:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/0198359381/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=0198359381&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=47c8d1ae58d8b3a5e2094cd447154558 ''Group 7, pages 28-29, 31, GCSE Chemistry; Third Edition, Oxford University Press, AQA '']
+:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945962/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945962&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=476bb5c8d1dfb5c08ac81b6d4d1c98d8 ''Group 7, pages 61-63, GCSE Chemistry, CGP, AQA '']
+:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/178294639X/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=178294639X&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=51599bb45a2bfaf7c1b6a978b2ca2616 ''Group 7, pages 61-63, GCSE Combined Science Trilogy; Chemistry, CGP, AQA '']
+:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945598/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945598&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=ad276ad49df77ab4b40ab4fd0fe09979 ''Halogens, page 110, GCSE Combined Science; The Revision Guide, CGP, AQA '']
+:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1471851354/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1471851354&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=9012a0d354024419214fb3ad5ac44ba0 ''Halogens, pages 131-4, GCSE Combined Science Trilogy 1, Hodder, AQA '']
+:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1471851346/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1471851346&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=3ac654f4b0da781c49c855a1af4c92ea ''Halogens, pages 16-18, GCSE Chemistry, Hodder, AQA '']
+:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945571/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945571&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=9e29fad914244909903e5e93f8a01d152 ''Halogens, pages 25, 79, GCSE Chemistry; The Revision Guide, CGP, AQA '']
+:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/0198359381/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=0198359381&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=47c8d1ae58d8b3a5e2094cd447154558 ''Halogens, pages 28-29, 31, 158, 188-189, GCSE Chemistry; Third Edition, Oxford University Press, AQA '']
+:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/0008158762/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=0008158762&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=a0fffa35b3ea49a63404f6704e0df7cc ''Halogens, pages 44-5, 46, GCSE Chemistry; Student Book, Collins, AQA '']
+:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945962/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945962&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=476bb5c8d1dfb5c08ac81b6d4d1c98d8 ''Halogens, pages 61-63, GCSE Chemistry, CGP, AQA '']
+:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/178294639X/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=178294639X&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=51599bb45a2bfaf7c1b6a978b2ca2616 ''Halogens, pages 61-63, GCSE Combined Science Trilogy; Chemistry, CGP, AQA '']
+:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1471851346/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1471851346&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=3ac654f4b0da781c49c855a1af4c92ea ''Halogens; reaction with alkenes, pages 178-9, GCSE Chemistry, Hodder, AQA '']
+====Edexcel====
+:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945725/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945725&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=694be7494de75af3349537d34e13f7f0 ''Group 7, pages 20, 74, 75, GCSE Chemistry; The Revision Guide, CGP, Edexcel '']
+:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782948147/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782948147&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=f63dcd8345f4e49c717b39a228a36c7c ''Group 7, pages 40, 49, 213-215, GCSE Chemistry, CGP, Edexcel  '']
+:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945741/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945741&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=30da4f2178da182547b62a7329d13b57 ''Group 7, pages 83, 124, 125, GCSE Combined Science; The Revision Guide, CGP, Edexcel '']
+:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945741/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945741&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=30da4f2178da182547b62a7329d13b57 ''Halogens, pages 124, 125, GCSE Combined Science; The Revision Guide, CGP, Edexcel '']
+:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1292120215/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1292120215&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=8f96ddb76196848bafdb124354e4cf77 ''Halogens, pages 130-131, GCSE Chemistry, Pearson, Edexcel '']
+:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1292120193/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1292120193&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=572df39392fb4200db8391d98ae6314e ''Halogens, pages 244-245, GCSE Combined Science, Pearson Edexcel '']
+:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782948147/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782948147&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=f63dcd8345f4e49c717b39a228a36c7c ''Halogens, pages 40, 49, 214-217, 277, 278, GCSE Chemistry, CGP, Edexcel '']
+:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945725/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945725&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=694be7494de75af3349537d34e13f7f0 ''Halogens, pages 74, 75, GCSE Chemistry; The Revision Guide, CGP, Edexcel '']
+:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1292120215/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1292120215&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=8f96ddb76196848bafdb124354e4cf77 ''Halogens; reactivity, pages 132-133, GCSE Chemistry, Pearson, Edexcel '']
+:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1292120193/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1292120193&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=572df39392fb4200db8391d98ae6314e ''Halogens; reactivity, pages 246-247, GCSE Combined Science, Pearson Edexcel '']
+====OCR====
+:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/0198359829/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=0198359829&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=90e8d7b4f039d53035238fa0320fe00b ''Group 7 (IUPAC Group 17) elements, pages 70, 71, 86, 125, 134-137, Gateway GCSE Chemistry, Oxford, OCR '']
+:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945695/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945695&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=ceafcc80bcad6b6754ee97a0c7ceea53 ''Group 7, pages 122, 123, Gateway GCSE Combined Science; The Revision Guide, CGP, OCR '']
+:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945679/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945679&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=a2db42f7b4bdf10cafaafa3bb9120940 ''Group 7, pages 52, 53, Gateway GCSE Chemistry; The Revision Guide, CGP, OCR '']
+====OCR====