Geography Key Stage 4

Physical Geography

Natural Hazards

Natural Hazard - definition, types factors

Tectonic Hazards

- examples to include poor and rich in contrast, why don't people move, reducing risks

Weather Hazards

Weather Hazard -definition, types, factors, types in the UK
Weather
Climate
General Atmospheric Circulation Model aka Global Atmospheric Circulation
Pressure Belt
Surface Wind
Tropical Storm - atmospheric circulation, causes, sequence of formation, structure, features, effects due to climate change
Hurricane
Cyclone
Typhoon
Climate Change
Primary Effect (Geography) - of tropical storms
Secondary Effect (Geography) - of tropical storms

- examples needed, monitoring, prediction, protection and planning - extreme weather events in UK - causes, impact, management strategies

Climate Change

Climate Change - natural factors, human factors, effects. Evidence from quaternary period to now, mitigation and adaptation
Climate Change#Natural Factors - orbit, volcano, solar output
Orbit#Orbit and Earth's Climate
Volcanic Eruption#Volcanic Eruptions and Earth's Climate
Solar Output
Climate Change#Human Factors - fossil fuels, agriculture, deforestation
Fossil Fuel
Agriculture#Agriculture's Effect on Climate
Deforestation#Deforestation's Effect on Climate
Global Warming
Climate Change#Mitigating Climate Change

Ecosystems around the World

Ecosystem - example in uk, impact of altering a component, examples of large global ecosystems
Biotic Environmental Factor
Abiotic Environmental Factor
Producers
Consumers
Decomposers
Food Chain
Food Web
Nutrient Cycle

Tropical Rainforests

Tropical Rainforest - climate, water, soil, plants and animals (+human) interdependence
Interdependence
Adaptations
Biodiversity - issues including loss
Deforestation - rate of deforestation, case study including; causes such as farming, logging, roads, mineral extraction, settlement, population growth, energy source and impacts such as economic, soil erosion, climate change.
Deforestation#Causes of Deforestation - farming, logging, roads, mineral extraction, settlement, population growth, energy source
Subsistence Farming
Commercial Farming
Logging
Infrastructure - roads, powerlines, buildings
Mineral Extraction
Settlement
Deforestation#Impacts of Deforestation - economic, soil erosion, climate change.
Soil Erosion
Climate Change
Tropical Rainforest#Value - why they're important
Tropical Rainforest#Preservation of Tropical Rainforests - management, selective logging, replantation, conservation, eduction, ecotourism, international agreements involving tropical hardwoods and debt relief.

Deciduous Woodlands

Deciduous Woodland - biotic and abiotic characteristics, interdependence, climate change, biodiversity
Interdependence
Nutrient Cycle
Gresmehl Model
Biodiversity- reason for moderate biodiversity in deciduous woodlands
Leaf - size, structure, water conservation in winter
Adaptations - migration, hibernation, food storage
Deciduous Woodland#Value - timber, fuel, recreation
Deciduous Woodland#Preservation of Deciduous Woodland - conservation, sustainable management - a specific example given.
Climate Change
Deforestation - urbanisation, population growth, timber, agriculture

Hot Deserts

Hot Desert - biotic and abiotic factors, interdependence of climate, soil, plant and animals
Interdependence
Adaptations - dry, hot
Hot Desert#Value - mineral extraction, energy, tourism
Hot Desert#Development - challenges including temperature, water inaccessibility - include a case study/example
Desertification - climate change, fuel wood, overgrazing, over-cultivation, soil erosion.
Desertification#Mitigation - water management, soil management, tree planting

Polar Environments

Polar Environment - biotic and abiotic factors, interdependence of climate, permafrots, soil, plant and animals
Tundra - biotic and abiotic factors, interdependence of climate, permafrots, soil, plant and animals
Adaptations - cold, seasonal ice changes, migration
Biodiversity
Polar Environment#Value - mineral extraction, energy, fishing, tourism
Polar Environment#Development - challenges including temperature, inaccessibility buildings and infrastructure- include a case study/example
Polar Environment#Preservation of Polar Environments - value as wilderness, reasons to protect, how to balance economic development with conservation; tech, governments, international agreements, conservation groups.

The Changing Physical Landscapes in the UK

Coastal Landscapes in the UK

Coast
Water Waves - type and characterisation
Weathering
- Mechanical Weathering
- Chemical Weathering
Mass Movement (Geography)
Erosion (Rock Cycle)
Transportation (Rock Cycle)
- Longshore Drift
Deposition (Rock Cycle)
- Sediment
- Sedimentation
Coastal Landform - how rocktype affects this, example in the uk showing erosion and deposition
Landforms from erosion
Landforms from deposition
Coastal Management - example from uk including reason, strategy, effects and conflicts

River Landscapes in the UK

River
River Valley
V-shaped Valley
Fluvial Process
- Erosion (Rock Cycle)
- Transport (Rock Cycle)
- Deposition (Rock Cycle) - why rivers deposit
Fluvial Landforms - uk example with landforms from erosion and deposition
- Landforms from Erosion
- Landforms from Erosion and Deposition
  - Meanders
  - Oxbow Lake
- Landforms from Deposition
River Flood Management - cost and benefits of strategies including 'hard engineering' dams, reservoirs, straightening, embankments, flood relief channels and 'soft engineering' flood warning and prep, flood plain zoning, tree planting, river restoration. - example in the uk noting main strategy why it was required and the issues surrounding its implementation or lack thereof.
- Flood - factors including precipitation, geology, relief, land use
- Hydrograph
  - Precipitation
  - Discharge
- Dams
- Reservoir
- River Straightening
- River Embankments
- Flood Relief Channel
- Flood Warning
- Flood Preparation
- Flood Plain Zoning
- Reforestation
- River Restoration

Glacial Landscapes in the UK

Glacier
Glacial Valley
U-shaped Valley
Ice Age
Glacial Processes
Glacial Landforms - example of uk upland area
- Glacial Landforms from Erosion
- Glacial Landforms from Transportation and Deposition
  - Erratic
  - Drumlin
  - Moraine
Glaciated Upland Area - tourism, farming, forestry and quarrying - conflicts over land use including development and conservation. example of uk area including tourist attraction, consequences of tourism (social, economic, environmental), managing the impact of tourism.

Human Geography

Urbanisation

Urbanisation - global pattern, MEDCs and LEDCs, push pull theory, natural increase, megacities

Changing Cities

Major UK Cities

case studies of major uk cities to include location, regional, national and international importance. impact of migration on growth and city character - how urban change has created opportunities including social and economic; cultural mix, recreation, entertainment, employment, integrated transport systems, and including environmental; urban greening. - how urban change has created challenges including social and economic; urban deprivation, housing inequality, education, health and employment and including environmental; dereliction, brownfield and greenfield development, waste disposal and including the impact of urban sprawl on the rural-urban fringe, and satellite towns (commuter settlements). - example of urban regeneration project including reason it was needed and the main features of the project.

Major Cities in the Developing World

case studies to include location, regional, national and international importance, cause of growth. - how it created opportunities including social opportunities; health, education, resources water, energy, economic opportunities; industrial areas and economic development. - creation of challenges including; managing urban growth, slums, squatter settlements, providing clean water, sanitation, energy, health services, education, reducing unemployment and crime, environmental issues; waste disposal, air+water pollution, traffic congestion. - example of how urban planning has improved life for urban poor.

Geography Key Stage 4

Contents

Physical Geography

Natural Hazards

Tectonic Hazards

Weather Hazards

Climate Change

Ecosystems around the World

Tropical Rainforests

Deciduous Woodlands

Hot Deserts

Polar Environments

The Changing Physical Landscapes in the UK

Coastal Landscapes in the UK

River Landscapes in the UK

Glacial Landscapes in the UK

Human Geography

Urbanisation

Changing Cities

Major UK Cities

Major Cities in the Developing World

Urban Issues and Challenges

Global Development

More Economically Developed Countries

Less Economically Developed Countries

Emerging Markets

The Changing Economic World

The Challenges of resource management

Resource Management

Food

Water

Energy

Geographical Skills

Cartography

Qualitative Data

Investigative Skills

Graphs

Numerical Skills

Statistical Skills

Keywords