Geography Key Stage 4
Contents
- 1 Physical Geography
- 2 Human Geography
- 3 Geographical Skills
- 4 Keywords
Physical Geography
Natural Hazards
- Natural Hazard - definition, types factors
Tectonic Hazards
- Earthquake
- Volcanic Eruption
- Volcano
- Plate Tectonic Theory
- Tectonic Plate
- Primary Effect (Geography)
- Secondary Effect (Geography)
- examples to include poor and rich in contrast, why don't people move, reducing risks
Weather Hazards
- Weather Hazard -definition, types, factors, types in the UK
- Weather
- Climate
- General Atmospheric Circulation Model aka Global Atmospheric Circulation
- Pressure Belt
- Surface Wind
- Tropical Storm - atmospheric circulation, causes, sequence of formation, structure, features, effects due to climate change
- Hurricane
- Cyclone
- Typhoon
- Climate Change
- Primary Effect (Geography) - of tropical storms
- Secondary Effect (Geography) - of tropical storms
- examples needed, monitoring, prediction, protection and planning - extreme weather events in UK - causes, impact, management strategies
Climate Change
- Climate Change - natural factors, human factors, effects. Evidence from quaternary period to now, mitigation and adaptation
- Climate Change#Natural Factors - orbit, volcano, solar output
- Orbit#Orbit and Earth's Climate
- Volcanic Eruption#Volcanic Eruptions and Earth's Climate
- Solar Output
- Climate Change#Human Factors - fossil fuels, agriculture, deforestation
- Fossil Fuel
- Agriculture#Agriculture's Effect on Climate
- Deforestation#Deforestation's Effect on Climate
- Global Warming
- Climate Change#Mitigating Climate Change
Ecosystems around the World
- Ecosystem - example in uk, impact of altering a component, examples of large global ecosystems
- Biotic Environmental Factor
- Abiotic Environmental Factor
- Producers
- Consumers
- Decomposers
- Food Chain
- Food Web
- Nutrient Cycle
Tropical Rainforests
- Tropical Rainforest - climate, water, soil, plants and animals (+human) interdependence
- Interdependence
- Adaptations
- Biodiversity - issues including loss
- Deforestation - rate of deforestation, case study including; causes such as farming, logging, roads, mineral extraction, settlement, population growth, energy source and impacts such as economic, soil erosion, climate change.
- Deforestation#Causes of Deforestation - farming, logging, roads, mineral extraction, settlement, population growth, energy source
- Subsistence Farming
- Commercial Farming
- Logging
- Infrastructure - roads, powerlines, buildings
- Mineral Extraction
- Settlement
- Deforestation#Impacts of Deforestation - economic, soil erosion, climate change.
- Soil Erosion
- Climate Change
- Tropical Rainforest#Value - why they're important
- Tropical Rainforest#Preservation of Tropical Rainforests - management, selective logging, replantation, conservation, eduction, ecotourism, international agreements involving tropical hardwoods and debt relief.
Deciduous Woodlands
- Deciduous Woodland - biotic and abiotic characteristics, interdependence, climate change, biodiversity
- Interdependence
- Nutrient Cycle
- Gresmehl Model
- Biodiversity- reason for moderate biodiversity in deciduous woodlands
- Leaf - size, structure, water conservation in winter
- Adaptations - migration, hibernation, food storage
- Deciduous Woodland#Value - timber, fuel, recreation
- Deciduous Woodland#Preservation of Deciduous Woodland - conservation, sustainable management - a specific example given.
- Climate Change
- Deforestation - urbanisation, population growth, timber, agriculture
Hot Deserts
- Hot Desert - biotic and abiotic factors, interdependence of climate, soil, plant and animals
- Interdependence
- Adaptations - dry, hot
- Hot Desert#Value - mineral extraction, energy, tourism
- Hot Desert#Development - challenges including temperature, water inaccessibility - include a case study/example
- Desertification - climate change, fuel wood, overgrazing, over-cultivation, soil erosion.
- Desertification#Mitigation - water management, soil management, tree planting
Polar Environments
- Polar Environment - biotic and abiotic factors, interdependence of climate, permafrots, soil, plant and animals
- Tundra - biotic and abiotic factors, interdependence of climate, permafrots, soil, plant and animals
- Adaptations - cold, seasonal ice changes, migration
- Biodiversity
- Polar Environment#Value - mineral extraction, energy, fishing, tourism
- Polar Environment#Development - challenges including temperature, inaccessibility buildings and infrastructure- include a case study/example
- Polar Environment#Preservation of Polar Environments - value as wilderness, reasons to protect, how to balance economic development with conservation; tech, governments, international agreements, conservation groups.
The Changing Physical Landscapes in the UK
Coastal Landscapes in the UK
- Coast
- Water Waves - type and characterisation
- Weathering
- Mass Movement (Geography)
- Erosion (Rock Cycle)
- Transportation (Rock Cycle)
- Deposition (Rock Cycle)
- Coastal Landform - how rocktype affects this, example in the uk showing erosion and deposition
- Landforms from erosion
- Landforms from deposition
- Coastal Management - example from uk including reason, strategy, effects and conflicts
River Landscapes in the UK
- River
- River Valley
- Fluvial Process
- Fluvial Landforms - uk example with landforms from erosion and deposition
- Landforms from Erosion
- Landforms from Erosion and Deposition
- Landforms from Deposition
Glacial Landscapes in the UK
Human Geography
Urbanisation
Changing Cities
Major UK Cities
Major Cities in the Developing World
Urban Issues and Challenges
Global Development
Less Economically Developed Countries
NB: Depending on exam board this may be LIC (Low Income Country), LIDC (Low Income Developing Country) or Developing Country.
Emerging Markets
NB: Depending on exam board this may be NEE (Newly Emerging Economy), EDC (Emerging and Developing Country) or Emerging Country.
The Changing Economic World
The Challenges of resource management
Resource Management
Food
Water
Energy
Geographical Skills
Cartography
Qualitative Data
Investigative Skills
Graphs
- Bar Chart
- Histogram
- Line Graph
- Scatter Graph
- Dispersion Graph
- Pie Chart
- Climate Graph
- Proportional Symbols
- Pictograms
- Cross-section Graph
- Population Pyramid
- Radial Graph
- Rose Chart
Numerical Skills
Statistical Skills
- Central Tendency
- Spread
- Cumulative Frequency
- Mean
- Median
- Mode
- Modal Class
- Range
- Quartile
- Interquartile Range
Keywords
- Abrasion
- Aggregate
- Agrarian Society
- Agribusiness
- Agricultural Land
- Air Pressure
- Alluvium
- Anemometer
- Anticyclone
- Aquifer
- Arable
- Attrition
- Backwash
- Beach
- Biodiversity
- Biogas
- Biomes
- Birth Rate
- Boulder Clay
- Building
- Caldera
- Carbon Sink
- Cathedral
- Central Business District
- City
- Clay
- Cliff
- Climate Change
- Climate
- Cloud
- Coast
- Cold Front
- Commuter Villages
- Confluence
- Conservative Plate Margin
- Constructive Plate Margin
- Constructive Waves
- Consumer
- Continental Crust
- Continental Plate
- Convectional Rainfall
- Coriolis Force
- Corrie
- Country
- Countryside
- Cultivate
- Crop
- Dam
- Death Rate
- Decomposer
- Demographic Transition Model
- Depopulation
- Deposition
- Depression
- Destructive Plate Margin
- Destructive Waves
- Development
- Discharge
- Diversification
- Drumlin
- Economic Migrant
- Ecosystem
- Ecotourism
- Elderly Dependent
- Emerging Market
- England
- Environment Agency
- Environment
- Epicentre
- Erosion
- Escarpment
- Estuary
- Ethnic Segregation
- Eye (Storm)
- Factory
- Fairtrade
- Farm
- Farming
- Fetch
- Floodplain
- Focus
- Fold Mountains
- Food Chain
- Food Miles
- Food Web
- Freeze Thaw
- Global Warming
- Globalisation
- Goods
- Gorge
- Government
- Great Britain
- Green Belt
- Greenhouse Effect
- Greenhouse Gas
- Gross Domestic Product
- Groundwater
- Habitation
- Hamlet (Geography)
- Hanging Valley
- High Pressure Region
- Housing
- Hurricane
- Hydraulic Action
- Hydrograph
- Ice Age
- Ice Sheet
- Igneous
- Impermeable
- Industrialisation
- Infiltration
- Informal Economy
- Infrastructure
- Inhabitant
- Intensive Farming
- Interdependence (Geography)
- Irrigation
- Isobar
- Knots
- Lag Time
- Lake
- Landslide
- Leaching
- LEDC
- Levees
- Livestock
- Load (Geography)
- Logging
- London
- Longshore Drift
- Low Pressure Region
- Manufacturing
- Meander
- Megacity
- Metamorphic
- Migration (Geography)
- Moraine
- Mountain
- Mud
- Mudflat
- Natural Decrease
- Natural Disaster
- Natural Increase
- Non-renewable Energy Resource
- Non-Renewable
- Northern Ireland
- Occluded Front
- Ocean Trench
- Oceanic Crust
- Oceanic Plate
- Overcultivation
- Overgrazing
- Oxbow Lake
- Pastoral Farm
- Permeable
- Pleistocene Era
- Plucking
- Plunge Pool
- Pollarding
- Pollution
- Population (Geography)
- Population Density
- Population Growth Rate
- Population Pyramid
- Precipitation (Geography)
- Primary Effect
- Producer
- Pyroclastic Flow
- Rainfall
- Rainstorm
- Relief Rainfall
- Renewable Energy Resource
- Renewable
- Residential
- Resource
- Retire
- Retirement Migration
- Ribbon Lake
- Richter Scale
- River Bank
- River Bed
- Rural
- Rural-Urban Fringe
- Rural-Urban Migration
- Saffir-Simpson Scale
- Sand
- Scotland
- Sea Bed
- Sea
- Secondary Effect
- Sediment
- Sedimentary
- Service
- Settlement
- Severe Flood Warning
- Shanty Town
- Short-Haul Destination
- Slash and Burn
- Slumping
- Snow
- Snowline
- Spit
- Storm Surge
- Subduction
- Subsistence Farming
- Supervolcano
- Sustainable
- Swash
- Synoptic Chart
- Tarn
- Tax
- Tectonic Plate Margin
- Tectonic Plate
- Thalweg
- Throughflow
- Timber
- Tor
- Town
- Traction
- Transport
- Tributary
- Tropical Storm
- Tropics
- Tsunami
- United Kingdom
- Urban Sprawl
- Urban
- Urbanisation
- Valley
- Vegetation
- Village
- V-shaped Valley
- Wales
- Warm Front
- Water Table
- Waterfall
- Wave-cut Platform
- Weather Front
- Weather
- Weathering
- Westminster
- Wind Speed
- Working Population
- Young Dependents
- Nation
- Territory
- MEDC
- Continent
- Silt
- River Delta
- Storm
- Manufacture
- Island
- Hill
- Ireland
- Rain
- Sleet
- Hail
- Dew
- Commercial
- Industrial
- Continent
- Equator
- State
- Africa
- Antarctica
- Asia
- Australia
- Europe
- North America
- South America
- Northern Hemisphere
- Southern Hemisphere
- Ocean
- Arctic Ocean
- Atlantic Ocean
- Indian Ocean
- Pacific Ocean
- Southern Ocean
- Cardinal Directions
- North
- North-East
- East
- South-East
- South
- South-West
- West
- North-West