Difference between revisions of "Carboxylic Acid"
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[[Carboxylic Acid]]s may [[Chemical Reaction|react]] with [[alcohol]]s to [[product|produce]] [[compound]]s known as [[ester]]s which have the [[Functional Group|functional group]] -COO-. | [[Carboxylic Acid]]s may [[Chemical Reaction|react]] with [[alcohol]]s to [[product|produce]] [[compound]]s known as [[ester]]s which have the [[Functional Group|functional group]] -COO-. | ||
| − | : [[Methanoic Acid]] + [[Ethanol]] → | + | : [[Methanoic Acid]] + [[Ethanol]] → Ethyl Methanoate + [[Water]] |
: <chem>HCOOH + C2H5OH -> HCOOC2H5 + H2O</chem> | : <chem>HCOOH + C2H5OH -> HCOOC2H5 + H2O</chem> | ||
| − | : [[Ethanoic Acid]] + [[Ethanol]] → | + | : [[Ethanoic Acid]] + [[Ethanol]] → Ethyl Ethanoate + [[Water]] |
: <chem>CH3COOH + C2H5OH -> CH3COOC2H5 + H2O</chem> | : <chem>CH3COOH + C2H5OH -> CH3COOC2H5 + H2O</chem> | ||
| − | : [[Propanoic Acid]] + [[Propanol]] → | + | : [[Propanoic Acid]] + [[Propanol]] → Propyl Propanoate + [[Water]] |
: <chem>C3H5COOH + C3H7OH -> C2H5COOC3H7 + H2O</chem> | : <chem>C3H5COOH + C3H7OH -> C2H5COOC3H7 + H2O</chem> | ||
| − | : [[Butanoic Acid]] + [[Propanol]] → | + | : [[Butanoic Acid]] + [[Propanol]] → Propyl Butanoate + [[Water]] |
: <chem>C3H5COOH + C3H7OH -> C3H5COOC3H7 + H2O</chem> | : <chem>C3H5COOH + C3H7OH -> C3H5COOC3H7 + H2O</chem> | ||
Revision as of 12:17, 3 April 2019
Contents
Key Stage 4
Meaning
Carboxylic Acids are organic compounds with a Carbon atom which has a double bonds to an Oxygen atom and a single bond to an OH group. The general formula is CnH2nO2.
About Carboxylic Acids
- Carboxylic Acids are a homologous series of organic compounds.
- The functional group of the Carboxylic Acids is the double bond between a Carbon atom and an Oxygen atom and the single bond to an OH group.
- Carboxylic Acids are long chains of Carbon atoms covalently bonded together with the the final Carbon atom in the chain as a COOH group.
Examples
| Methanoic Acid | Ethanoic Acid | Propanoic Acid | Butanoic Acid | |
| Chemical Formula | CH2O2 | C2H4O2 | C3H6O2 | C4H8O2 |
| Structural Formula | HCOOH | CH3COOH | CH3CH2COOH | CH3CH2CH2COOH |
| Structural Diagram |  |
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| Ball and Stick Model |  |
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Reactions of Carboxylic Acids
Neutralisation
Carboxylic Acids can be neutralised to produce organic salts.
- Methanoic Acid + Potassium → Potassium Methanoate + Hydrogen
- <chem>2HCOOH + 2K -> 2HCOOK + H2</chem>
- Ethanoic Acid + Magnesium Oxide → Magnesium Ethanoate + Water
- <chem>2CH3COOH + MgO -> (CH3COO)2Mg + H2O</chem>
- Propanoic Acid + Sodium Hydroxide → Sodium Propanoate + Water
- <chem>C2H5COOH + NaOH -> C2H5COONa + H2O</chem>
- Butanoic Acid + Magnesium Carbonate → Magnesium Butanoate + Water + Carbon Dioxide
- <chem>2C3H7COOH + MgCO3 -> (C3H7COO)2Mg + H2O + CO2</chem>
Esterification
Carboxylic Acids may react with alcohols to produce compounds known as esters which have the functional group -COO-.
- Methanoic Acid + Ethanol → Ethyl Methanoate + Water
- <chem>HCOOH + C2H5OH -> HCOOC2H5 + H2O</chem>
- Ethanoic Acid + Ethanol → Ethyl Ethanoate + Water
- <chem>CH3COOH + C2H5OH -> CH3COOC2H5 + H2O</chem>
- Propanoic Acid + Propanol → Propyl Propanoate + Water
- <chem>C3H5COOH + C3H7OH -> C2H5COOC3H7 + H2O</chem>
- Butanoic Acid + Propanol → Propyl Butanoate + Water
- <chem>C3H5COOH + C3H7OH -> C3H5COOC3H7 + H2O</chem>