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Difference between revisions of "Carboxylic Acid"

(Created page with "==Key Stage 4== ===Meaning=== Carboxylic Acids are organic compounds with a Carbon atom which has a double bonds to an Oxyge...")
 
 
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==Key Stage 4==
 
==Key Stage 4==
 
===Meaning===
 
===Meaning===
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[[Carboxylic Acid]]s are [[Organic Compound|organic compounds]] with a [[Carbon]] [[atom]] which has a [[Double Bond|double bonds]] to an [[Oxygen]] [[atom]] and a [[Single Bond|single bond]] to an OH group. The [[General Formula|general formula]] is C<sub>n</sub>H<sub>2n</sub>O<sub>2</sub>
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[[Carboxylic Acid]]s are [[Organic Compound|organic compounds]] with a [[Carbon]] [[atom]] which has a [[Double Bond|double bonds]] to an [[Oxygen]] [[atom]] and a [[Single Bond|single bond]] to an OH group. The [[General Formula|general formula]] is C<sub>n</sub>H<sub>2n</sub>O<sub>2</sub>.
  
 
===About Carboxylic Acids===
 
===About Carboxylic Acids===
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{| class="wikitable"
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
|-
 
|-
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| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |
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| style="height:20px; width:75px; text-align:center;" |
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| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |'''Methanoic Acid'''
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| style="height:20px; width:150px; text-align:center;" |'''Methanoic Acid'''
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| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |'''Ethanoic Acid'''
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| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |'''Propanoic Acid'''
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===References===
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| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |'''Butanoic Acid'''
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====AQA====
 +
 
 +
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1471851346/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1471851346&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=3ac654f4b0da781c49c855a1af4c92ea ''Carboxylic acids, page 183, GCSE Chemistry, Hodder, AQA '']
 +
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945571/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945571&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=9e29fad914244909903e5e93f8a01d73 ''Carboxylic acids, page 82, GCSE Chemistry; The Revision Guide, CGP, AQA '']
 +
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/0198359381/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=0198359381&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=47c8d1ae58d8b3a5e2094cd447154558 ''Carboxylic acids, pages 161, 163-165, 170-171, GCSE Chemistry; Third Edition, Oxford University Press, AQA '']
 +
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945962/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945962&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=476bb5c8d1dfb5c08ac81b6d4d1c98d8 ''Carboxylic acids, pages 242, 243, GCSE Chemistry, CGP, AQA '']
 +
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1471851346/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1471851346&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=3ac654f4b0da781c49c855a1af4c92ea ''Carboxylic acids; production from alcohols, page 182, GCSE Chemistry, Hodder, AQA '']
 +
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1471851346/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1471851346&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=3ac654f4b0da781c49c855a1af4c92ea ''Carboxylic acids; properties and reactions of, page 184, GCSE Chemistry, Hodder, AQA '']
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| style="height:20px; width:150px; text-align:center;" |'''Ethanoic Acid'''
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| style="height:20px; width:150px; text-align:center;" |'''Propanoic Acid'''
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| style="height:20px; width:150px; text-align:center;" |'''Butanoic Acid'''
 
|-
 
|-
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| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |[[Chemical Formula]]
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| style="height:20px; width:75px; text-align:center;" |[[Chemical Formula]]
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| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |CH<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>
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| style="height:20px; width:150px; text-align:center;" |CH<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>
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| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub>O<sub>2</sub>
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| style="height:20px; width:150px; text-align:center;" |C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub>O<sub>2</sub>
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| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>6</sub>O<sub>2</sub>
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| style="height:20px; width:150px; text-align:center;" |C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>6</sub>O<sub>2</sub>
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| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |C<sub>4</sub>H<sub>8</sub>O<sub>2</sub>
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| style="height:20px; width:150px; text-align:center;" |C<sub>4</sub>H<sub>8</sub>O<sub>2</sub>
 
|-
 
|-
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| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |[[Structural Formula]]
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| style="height:20px; width:75px; text-align:center;" |[[Structural Formula]]
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| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |CH<sub>4</sub>
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| style="height:20px; width:150px; text-align:center;" |HCOOH
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| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>3</sub>
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| style="height:20px; width:150px; text-align:center;" |CH<sub>3</sub>COOH
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| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>3</sub>
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| style="height:20px; width:150px; text-align:center;" |CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>COOH
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| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>3</sub>
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| style="height:20px; width:150px; text-align:center;" |CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>COOH
 
|-
 
|-
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| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |[[Structural Diagram]]
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| style="height:20px; width:75px; text-align:center;" |[[Structural Diagram]]
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|[[File:StructuralDiagramMethane.png|center|200px]]
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|[[File:StructuralDiagramMethanoicAcid.png|center|75px]]
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|[[File:StructuralDiagramEthane.png|center|200px]]
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|[[File:StructuralDiagramEthanoicAcid.png|center|100px]]
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|[[File:StructuralDiagramPropane.png|center|200px]]
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|[[File:StructuralDiagramPropanoicAcid.png|center|125px]]
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|[[File:StructuralDiagramButane.png|center|200px]]
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|[[File:StructuralDiagramButanoicAcid.png|center|150px]]
 
|-
 
|-
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| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |[[Ball and Stick Model]]
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| style="height:20px; width:75px; text-align:center;" |[[Ball and Stick Model]]
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|[[File:BallandStickMethane.png|center|200px]]
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|[[File:BallandStickMethanoicAcid.png|center|75px]]
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|[[File:BallandStickEthane.png|center|200px]]
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|[[File:BallandStickEthanoicAcid.png|center|100px]]
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|[[File:BallandStickPropane.png|center|200px]]
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|[[File:BallandStickPropanoicAcid.png|center|125px]]
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|[[File:BallandStickButane.png|center|200px]]
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|[[File:BallandStickButanoicAcid.png|center|150px]]
 
|}
 
|}
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===Reactions of Carboxylic Acids===
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====Neutralisation====
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[[Carboxylic Acid]]s can be [[neutralise (Chemistry)|neutralised]] to [[Product|produce]] [[Organic Compound|organic]] [[salt]]s.
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: [[Methanoic Acid]] + [[Potassium]] → [[Potassium Methanoate]] + [[Hydrogen]]
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<math>2HCOOH + 2K → 2HCOOK + H_2</math>
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: [[Ethanoic Acid]] + [[Magnesium Oxide]] → [[Magnesium Ethanoate]] + [[Water]]
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<math>2CH_3COOH + MgO → (CH3COO)_2Mg + H_2O</math>
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: [[Propanoic Acid]] + [[Sodium Hydroxide]] → [[Sodium Propanoate]] + [[Water]]
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<math>C_2H_5COOH + NaOH → C_2H_5COONa + H_2O</math>
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: [[Butanoic Acid]] + [[Magnesium Carbonate]] → [[Magnesium Butanoate]] + [[Water]] + [[Carbon Dioxide]]
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<math>2C_3H_7COOH + MgCO_3 → (C_3H_7COO)_2Mg + H_2O + CO_2</math>
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====Esterification====
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[[Carboxylic Acid]]s may [[Chemical Reaction|react]] with [[alcohol]]s to [[product|produce]] [[compound]]s known as [[ester]]s which have the [[Functional Group|functional group]] -COO-.
 +
: [[Methanoic Acid]] + [[Ethanol]] → Ethyl Methanoate + [[Water]]
 +
<math>HCOOH + C2_H_5OH → HCOOC_2H_5 + H_2O</math>
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 +
: [[Ethanoic Acid]] + [[Ethanol]] → Ethyl Ethanoate + [[Water]]
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<math>CH_3COOH + C_2H_5OH → CH_3COOC_2H_5 + H_2O</math>
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: [[Propanoic Acid]] + [[Propanol]] → Propyl Propanoate + [[Water]]
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<math>C_3H_5COOH + C_3H_7OH → C_2H_5COOC_3H_7 + H_2O</math>
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: [[Butanoic Acid]] + [[Propanol]] → Propyl Butanoate + [[Water]]
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<math>C_3H_5COOH + C_3H_7OH → C_3H_5COOC_3H_7 + H_2O</math>
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===References===
 +
====AQA====
 +
 +
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1471851346/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1471851346&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=3ac654f4b0da781c49c855a1af4c92ea ''Carboxylic acids, page 183, GCSE Chemistry, Hodder, AQA '']
 +
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945571/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945571&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=9e29fad914244909903e5e93f8a01d73 ''Carboxylic acids, page 82, GCSE Chemistry; The Revision Guide, CGP, AQA '']
 +
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/0198359381/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=0198359381&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=47c8d1ae58d8b3a5e2094cd447154558 ''Carboxylic acids, pages 161, 163-165, 170-171, GCSE Chemistry; Third Edition, Oxford University Press, AQA '']
 +
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945962/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945962&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=476bb5c8d1dfb5c08ac81b6d4d1c98d8 ''Carboxylic acids, pages 242, 243, GCSE Chemistry, CGP, AQA '']
 +
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1471851346/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1471851346&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=3ac654f4b0da781c49c855a1af4c92ea ''Carboxylic acids; production from alcohols, page 182, GCSE Chemistry, Hodder, AQA '']
 +
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1471851346/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1471851346&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=3ac654f4b0da781c49c855a1af4c92ea ''Carboxylic acids; properties and reactions of, page 184, GCSE Chemistry, Hodder, AQA '']
 +
 +
====Edexcel====
 +
 +
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945725/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945725&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=694be7494de75af3349537d34e13f7f0 ''Carboxylic acids, pages 100, 102, GCSE Chemistry; The Revision Guide, CGP, Edexcel '']
 +
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1292120215/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1292120215&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=8f96ddb76196848bafdb124354e4cf77 ''Carboxylic acids, pages 182-183, GCSE Chemistry, Pearson, Edexcel '']
 +
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782948147/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782948147&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=f63dcd8345f4e49c717b39a228a36c7c ''Carboxylic acids, pages 305, 306, GCSE Chemistry, CGP, Edexcel  '']
 +
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====OCR====
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:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/0198359829/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=0198359829&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=90e8d7b4f039d53035238fa0320fe00b ''Carboxylic acids, pages 236-237, Gateway GCSE Chemistry, Oxford, OCR  '']
 +
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945679/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945679&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=a2db42f7b4bdf10cafaafa3bb9120940 ''Carboxylic acids, pages 89, 91, GCSE Chemistry; The Revision Guide, CGP, OCR Gateway '']

Latest revision as of 12:06, 1 December 2019

Key Stage 4

Meaning

Carboxylic Acids are organic compounds with a Carbon atom which has a double bonds to an Oxygen atom and a single bond to an OH group. The general formula is CnH2nO2.

About Carboxylic Acids

Carboxylic Acids are a homologous series of organic compounds.
The functional group of the Carboxylic Acids is the double bond between a Carbon atom and an Oxygen atom and the single bond to an OH group.
Carboxylic Acids are long chains of Carbon atoms covalently bonded together with the the final Carbon atom in the chain as a COOH group.

Examples

Methanoic Acid

References

AQA

Carboxylic acids, page 183, GCSE Chemistry, Hodder, AQA
Carboxylic acids, page 82, GCSE Chemistry; The Revision Guide, CGP, AQA
Carboxylic acids, pages 161, 163-165, 170-171, GCSE Chemistry; Third Edition, Oxford University Press, AQA
Carboxylic acids, pages 242, 243, GCSE Chemistry, CGP, AQA
Carboxylic acids; production from alcohols, page 182, GCSE Chemistry, Hodder, AQA
Carboxylic acids; properties and reactions of, page 184, GCSE Chemistry, Hodder, AQA
Ethanoic Acid Propanoic Acid Butanoic Acid
Chemical Formula CH2O2 C2H4O2 C3H6O2 C4H8O2
Structural Formula HCOOH CH3COOH CH3CH2COOH CH3CH2CH2COOH
Structural Diagram
StructuralDiagramMethanoicAcid.png
StructuralDiagramEthanoicAcid.png
StructuralDiagramPropanoicAcid.png
StructuralDiagramButanoicAcid.png
Ball and Stick Model
BallandStickMethanoicAcid.png
BallandStickEthanoicAcid.png
BallandStickPropanoicAcid.png
BallandStickButanoicAcid.png

Reactions of Carboxylic Acids

Neutralisation

Carboxylic Acids can be neutralised to produce organic salts.

Methanoic Acid + Potassium → Potassium Methanoate + Hydrogen

\(2HCOOH + 2K → 2HCOOK + H_2\)

Ethanoic Acid + Magnesium Oxide → Magnesium Ethanoate + Water

\(2CH_3COOH + MgO → (CH3COO)_2Mg + H_2O\)

Propanoic Acid + Sodium Hydroxide → Sodium Propanoate + Water

\(C_2H_5COOH + NaOH → C_2H_5COONa + H_2O\)

Butanoic Acid + Magnesium Carbonate → Magnesium Butanoate + Water + Carbon Dioxide

\(2C_3H_7COOH + MgCO_3 → (C_3H_7COO)_2Mg + H_2O + CO_2\)

Esterification

Carboxylic Acids may react with alcohols to produce compounds known as esters which have the functional group -COO-.

Methanoic Acid + Ethanol → Ethyl Methanoate + Water

\(HCOOH + C2_H_5OH → HCOOC_2H_5 + H_2O\)

Ethanoic Acid + Ethanol → Ethyl Ethanoate + Water

\(CH_3COOH + C_2H_5OH → CH_3COOC_2H_5 + H_2O\)

Propanoic Acid + Propanol → Propyl Propanoate + Water

\(C_3H_5COOH + C_3H_7OH → C_2H_5COOC_3H_7 + H_2O\)

Butanoic Acid + Propanol → Propyl Butanoate + Water

\(C_3H_5COOH + C_3H_7OH → C_3H_5COOC_3H_7 + H_2O\)

References

AQA

Carboxylic acids, page 183, GCSE Chemistry, Hodder, AQA
Carboxylic acids, page 82, GCSE Chemistry; The Revision Guide, CGP, AQA
Carboxylic acids, pages 161, 163-165, 170-171, GCSE Chemistry; Third Edition, Oxford University Press, AQA
Carboxylic acids, pages 242, 243, GCSE Chemistry, CGP, AQA
Carboxylic acids; production from alcohols, page 182, GCSE Chemistry, Hodder, AQA
Carboxylic acids; properties and reactions of, page 184, GCSE Chemistry, Hodder, AQA

Edexcel

Carboxylic acids, pages 100, 102, GCSE Chemistry; The Revision Guide, CGP, Edexcel
Carboxylic acids, pages 182-183, GCSE Chemistry, Pearson, Edexcel
Carboxylic acids, pages 305, 306, GCSE Chemistry, CGP, Edexcel

OCR

Carboxylic acids, pages 236-237, Gateway GCSE Chemistry, Oxford, OCR
Carboxylic acids, pages 89, 91, GCSE Chemistry; The Revision Guide, CGP, OCR Gateway
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