Difference between revisions of "Electron Orbital"
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| + | ==Key Stage 3== | ||
| + | ===Meaning=== | ||
| + | '''Electron shells''' are the places around a [[nucleus]] where an [[electron]] can [[orbit]] the [[nucleus]]. | ||
| + | {| class="wikitable" | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | |[[File:SodiumShells.png|center|400px]] | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |A [[diagram]] of a [[Sodium]] [[atom]] shown the '''electron shells'''. | ||
| + | |} | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===About Electron Shells=== | ||
| + | : The number of '''electron shells''' is shown by the [[period]] on the [[Periodic Table]]. | ||
| + | : The number of [[electron]]s in the [[Outer Shell|outer shell]] determines the [[Chemical Property|chemical properties]] of the [[element]]. | ||
| + | {| class="wikitable" | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | |[[File:ElectronShells.png|center|800px]] | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |A [[diagram]] of the first 20 [[element]]s in the [[Periodic Table]] showing the '''electron shells'''. | ||
| + | |} | ||
| + | |||
==Key Stage 4== | ==Key Stage 4== | ||
===Meaning=== | ===Meaning=== | ||
| − | + | [[File:SodiumShells.png|right|300px|thumb|A [[diagram]] showing the three '''electron shells''' of a [[Sodium]] [[atom]].]] | |
| + | '''Electron orbitals''', also known as an '''electron shells''', are the locations where [[electron]]s [[orbit]] the [[Atomic Nucleus|nucleus]] of [[atom]]s. | ||
===About Electron Orbitals=== | ===About Electron Orbitals=== | ||
: Each '''electron orbital''' only holds a certain number of [[electron]]s. | : Each '''electron orbital''' only holds a certain number of [[electron]]s. | ||
| + | ::The first '''orbital''' can only hold a maximum of 2 [[electron]]s. | ||
| + | ::The second '''orbital''' can hold a maximum of 8 [[electron]]s. | ||
| + | ::The third '''orbital''' holds a maximum of 8 [[electron]]s. | ||
| + | ::You do not need to know the numbers beyond this at Key Stage 4. | ||
: These '''orbitals''' and the number of [[electron]]s in an [[atom]] determine the chemistry of an [[element]]. | : These '''orbitals''' and the number of [[electron]]s in an [[atom]] determine the chemistry of an [[element]]. | ||
: The number of '''electron orbitals''' determines the [[Period]] on the [[Periodic Table]]. | : The number of '''electron orbitals''' determines the [[Period]] on the [[Periodic Table]]. | ||
: The number of [[electron]]s in the last '''orbital''' ([[Outer Shell]]) determines the [[Group (Chemistry)|Group]] on the [[Periodic Table]]. | : The number of [[electron]]s in the last '''orbital''' ([[Outer Shell]]) determines the [[Group (Chemistry)|Group]] on the [[Periodic Table]]. | ||
| + | {| class="wikitable" | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | |[[File:ElectronicConfiguration.png|center|800px]] | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |A [[diagram]] showing the '''electron shells''' and '''electrons''' in the first 20 [[element]]s on the [[Periodic Table]]. NB [[Group 0]] used to be called [[Group 8]] but this caused confusion because most [[element]]s in [[Group 8]] have 8 [[electron]]s in their [[Outer Shell]] but [[Helium]] only has 2, so it was renamed [[Group 0]]. | ||
| + | |} | ||
| + | : [[Atom]]s in the same [[Group (Chemistry)|group]] have similar [[Chemical Property|chemical properties]] because they all have the same number of [[electron]]s in their [[Outer Shell]]. | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===References=== | ||
| + | ====AQA==== | ||
| + | |||
| + | :[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/0198359381/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=0198359381&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=47c8d1ae58d8b3a5e2094cd447154558 ''Shells, electrons, pages 13, 18-19, GCSE Chemistry; Third Edition, Oxford University Press, AQA ''] | ||
| + | |||
| + | ====Edexcel==== | ||
| + | |||
| + | :[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1292120223/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1292120223&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=068ecf40278c32406a7f1c6e66751417 ''Electron shells, page 94, GCSE Physics, Pearson Edexcel ''] | ||
| + | :[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945725/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945725&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=694be7494de75af3349537d34e13f7f0 ''Electron shells, pages 16, 18, 19, GCSE Chemistry; The Revision Guide, CGP, Edexcel ''] | ||
| + | :[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1292120193/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1292120193&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=572df39392fb4200db8391d98ae6314e ''Electron shells, pages 162, 174, 358, GCSE Combined Science, Pearson Edexcel ''] | ||
| + | :[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1292120215/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1292120215&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=8f96ddb76196848bafdb124354e4cf77 ''Electron shells, pages 18, 30, GCSE Chemistry, Pearson, Edexcel ''] | ||
| + | :[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782948147/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782948147&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=f63dcd8345f4e49c717b39a228a36c7c ''Electron shells, pages 33, 35, 42, 43, GCSE Chemistry, CGP, Edexcel ''] | ||
| + | :[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1292120193/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1292120193&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=572df39392fb4200db8391d98ae6314e ''Electron shells; outer, page 184, GCSE Combined Science, Pearson Edexcel ''] | ||
| + | :[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1292120215/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1292120215&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=8f96ddb76196848bafdb124354e4cf77 ''Electron shells; outer, page 40, GCSE Chemistry, Pearson, Edexcel ''] | ||
| + | |||
| + | ====OCR==== | ||
| + | :[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945679/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945679&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=a2db42f7b4bdf10cafaafa3bb9120940 ''Electron shells, pages 13, 14, 16, 17, Gateway GCSE Chemistry; The Revision Guide, CGP, OCR ''] | ||
| + | :[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/0198359837/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=0198359837&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=3c4229e8b023b2b60768e7ea2307cc6f ''Electron shells, pages 21, Gateway GCSE Physics, Oxford, OCR ''] | ||
| + | :[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945695/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945695&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=ceafcc80bcad6b6754ee97a0c7ceea53 ''Electron shells, pages 84, 87, 88, Gateway GCSE Combined Science; The Revision Guide, CGP, OCR ''] | ||
Latest revision as of 15:29, 5 December 2019
Contents
Key Stage 3
Meaning
Electron shells are the places around a nucleus where an electron can orbit the nucleus.
 |
| A diagram of a Sodium atom shown the electron shells. |
About Electron Shells
- The number of electron shells is shown by the period on the Periodic Table.
- The number of electrons in the outer shell determines the chemical properties of the element.
 |
| A diagram of the first 20 elements in the Periodic Table showing the electron shells. |
Key Stage 4
Meaning
Electron orbitals, also known as an electron shells, are the locations where electrons orbit the nucleus of atoms.
About Electron Orbitals
- Each electron orbital only holds a certain number of electrons.
- These orbitals and the number of electrons in an atom determine the chemistry of an element.
- The number of electron orbitals determines the Period on the Periodic Table.
- The number of electrons in the last orbital (Outer Shell) determines the Group on the Periodic Table.
 |
| A diagram showing the electron shells and electrons in the first 20 elements on the Periodic Table. NB Group 0 used to be called Group 8 but this caused confusion because most elements in Group 8 have 8 electrons in their Outer Shell but Helium only has 2, so it was renamed Group 0. |
- Atoms in the same group have similar chemical properties because they all have the same number of electrons in their Outer Shell.
References
AQA
Edexcel
- Electron shells, page 94, GCSE Physics, Pearson Edexcel
- Electron shells, pages 16, 18, 19, GCSE Chemistry; The Revision Guide, CGP, Edexcel
- Electron shells, pages 162, 174, 358, GCSE Combined Science, Pearson Edexcel
- Electron shells, pages 18, 30, GCSE Chemistry, Pearson, Edexcel
- Electron shells, pages 33, 35, 42, 43, GCSE Chemistry, CGP, Edexcel
- Electron shells; outer, page 184, GCSE Combined Science, Pearson Edexcel
- Electron shells; outer, page 40, GCSE Chemistry, Pearson, Edexcel