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Created page with "==Key Stage 4== ===Meaning=== neutron radiation is a type of non-ionising radiation emitted from the Atomic Nucleus|nucl..."
==Key Stage 4==
===Meaning===
[[Neutron Radiation|neutron radiation]] is a type of [[Non-ionising Radiation|non-ionising radiation]] [[emit]]ted from the [[Atomic Nucleus|nucleus]] of an [[Unstable Isotope|unstable isotope]].
===About Neutron Radiation===
: '''Neutron radiation''' is a [[neutron]] [[emit]]ted from the [[Atomic Nucleus|nucleus]] of an [[Unstable Isotope|unstable isotope]].
: '''Neutrons''' have a [[Relative Atomic Mass|relative atomic mass]] of 1 and [[Relative Atomic Charge|relative charge]] of 0.
: '''Neutrons''' are [[emit]]ted when the [[ratio]] of [[neutron]]s to [[proton]]s is too large or when a [[massive]] [[Unstable Isotope|unstable]] [[Atomic Nucleus|nucleus]] splits into two smaller [[Atomic Nucleus|nuclei]] in a process of [[Nuclear Fission|nuclear fission]].
====Charge====
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|[[File:NeutronParticleCharge.png|center|200px]]
| style="height:20px; width:400px; text-align:left;" |Scientist were able to determine the [[Electrical Charge|charge]] of a '''neutron''' by sending it between two [[Electrical Charge|electrically charged]] plates and observing its path.
The '''neutron''' continues in a straight line so it must be [[Neutral Charge|neutral]].
|}
====Penetration Depth====
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|[[File:NeutronPenetrationAir.png|center|200px]]
| style="height:20px; width:400px; text-align:left;" |[[Alpha Particle|Alpha particles]] can travel around 5cm through [[air]] ([[STP]]) before [[colliding]] with and [[ionising]] [[atom]]s or [[molecule]]s.
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|[[File:AlphaPenetration.png|center|200px]]
| style="height:20px; width:400px; text-align:left;" |[[Alpha Particle|Alpha particles]] can be stopped by a thin sheet of paper.
|}
====Ionising Potential====
: With a [[Electrical Charge|charge]] of +2, '''α-particles''' are the most [[Ionising Radiation|ionising]] of the three [[Ionising Radiation|ionising radiations]]. It is capable of removing two [[electron]]s from a single [[atom]] or [[molecule]] or removing 1 [[electron]] from two [[atom]]s or [[molecule]]s.
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|[[File:AlphaIonise.png|center|600px]]
|-
| style="height:20px; width:600px; text-align:left;" |When an [[Alpha Particle|α-particle]] interacts with an [[atom]] the [[Alpha Particle|α-particle]] can remove one or two [[electron]]s to '''ionise''' the [[atom]].
|}
===Precautions===
: [[Alpha Particle|Alpha radiation]] is the most [[Ionising Radiation|ionising]] but the least [[Penetration Depth|penetrating]].
: [[Alpha Particle|Alpha]] sources are kept inside a block of [[lead]] with a hole that only allows the [[Alpha Particle|alpha particles]] out in one direction.
: Outside the body an [[organism]] can be protected from [[Alpha Particle|alpha radiation]] by keeping a distance greater than 5cm or by covering any bare skin.
: Inside an [[organism]] [[Alpha Particle|alpha particle]]s are the most dangerous as they are highly [[Ionising Radiation|ionising]] and there is nothing inside an [[organism]] to block them [[Ionising Radiation|ionising]] biological [[molecule]]s like [[DNA]]. Every precaution must be taken not to [[Radioactive Contamination|contaminate]] the skin with the [[Alpha Particle|alpha]] source in case it finds its way into the body through a cut or the mouth.
: When handling a source of [[Beta Particle|beta radiation]] the precautions which should be taken are:
:*Wear gloves - to prevent [[Radioactive Contamination|contamination]].
:*Use tongs to handle the source, never touch it - to prevent [[Radioactive Contamination|contamination]].
:*Aim the source away from any living [[organism]] - to prevent [[irradiation]].
:*Store the source in a sealed container - to prevent [[Radioactive Contamination|contamination]] and [[irradiation]].
===Applications===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|[[File:SmokeDetector.png|center|600px]]
|-
| style="height:20px; width:600px; text-align:left;" |In a smoke detector [[Alpha Particle|alpha particles]] are released between two [[electrode]]s.
When the [[Alpha Particle|alpha particles]] [[Ionising Radiation|ionise]] the [[molecule]]s in the [[air]] the [[ion]]s move between the [[electrode]]s and a [[Electrical Current|current]] flows in the [[circuit]].
When smoke gets between the [[electrode]]s the [[ion]]s become stuck in large [[particle]]s of [[soot]] preventing them from moving. This stops the [[Electrical Current|current]] in the [[circuit]].
The [[ammeter]] in the [[circuit]] is connected to an alarm which goes off when there is no [[Electrical Current|current]].
|}
===Meaning===
[[Neutron Radiation|neutron radiation]] is a type of [[Non-ionising Radiation|non-ionising radiation]] [[emit]]ted from the [[Atomic Nucleus|nucleus]] of an [[Unstable Isotope|unstable isotope]].
===About Neutron Radiation===
: '''Neutron radiation''' is a [[neutron]] [[emit]]ted from the [[Atomic Nucleus|nucleus]] of an [[Unstable Isotope|unstable isotope]].
: '''Neutrons''' have a [[Relative Atomic Mass|relative atomic mass]] of 1 and [[Relative Atomic Charge|relative charge]] of 0.
: '''Neutrons''' are [[emit]]ted when the [[ratio]] of [[neutron]]s to [[proton]]s is too large or when a [[massive]] [[Unstable Isotope|unstable]] [[Atomic Nucleus|nucleus]] splits into two smaller [[Atomic Nucleus|nuclei]] in a process of [[Nuclear Fission|nuclear fission]].
====Charge====
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|[[File:NeutronParticleCharge.png|center|200px]]
| style="height:20px; width:400px; text-align:left;" |Scientist were able to determine the [[Electrical Charge|charge]] of a '''neutron''' by sending it between two [[Electrical Charge|electrically charged]] plates and observing its path.
The '''neutron''' continues in a straight line so it must be [[Neutral Charge|neutral]].
|}
====Penetration Depth====
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|[[File:NeutronPenetrationAir.png|center|200px]]
| style="height:20px; width:400px; text-align:left;" |[[Alpha Particle|Alpha particles]] can travel around 5cm through [[air]] ([[STP]]) before [[colliding]] with and [[ionising]] [[atom]]s or [[molecule]]s.
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|[[File:AlphaPenetration.png|center|200px]]
| style="height:20px; width:400px; text-align:left;" |[[Alpha Particle|Alpha particles]] can be stopped by a thin sheet of paper.
|}
====Ionising Potential====
: With a [[Electrical Charge|charge]] of +2, '''α-particles''' are the most [[Ionising Radiation|ionising]] of the three [[Ionising Radiation|ionising radiations]]. It is capable of removing two [[electron]]s from a single [[atom]] or [[molecule]] or removing 1 [[electron]] from two [[atom]]s or [[molecule]]s.
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|[[File:AlphaIonise.png|center|600px]]
|-
| style="height:20px; width:600px; text-align:left;" |When an [[Alpha Particle|α-particle]] interacts with an [[atom]] the [[Alpha Particle|α-particle]] can remove one or two [[electron]]s to '''ionise''' the [[atom]].
|}
===Precautions===
: [[Alpha Particle|Alpha radiation]] is the most [[Ionising Radiation|ionising]] but the least [[Penetration Depth|penetrating]].
: [[Alpha Particle|Alpha]] sources are kept inside a block of [[lead]] with a hole that only allows the [[Alpha Particle|alpha particles]] out in one direction.
: Outside the body an [[organism]] can be protected from [[Alpha Particle|alpha radiation]] by keeping a distance greater than 5cm or by covering any bare skin.
: Inside an [[organism]] [[Alpha Particle|alpha particle]]s are the most dangerous as they are highly [[Ionising Radiation|ionising]] and there is nothing inside an [[organism]] to block them [[Ionising Radiation|ionising]] biological [[molecule]]s like [[DNA]]. Every precaution must be taken not to [[Radioactive Contamination|contaminate]] the skin with the [[Alpha Particle|alpha]] source in case it finds its way into the body through a cut or the mouth.
: When handling a source of [[Beta Particle|beta radiation]] the precautions which should be taken are:
:*Wear gloves - to prevent [[Radioactive Contamination|contamination]].
:*Use tongs to handle the source, never touch it - to prevent [[Radioactive Contamination|contamination]].
:*Aim the source away from any living [[organism]] - to prevent [[irradiation]].
:*Store the source in a sealed container - to prevent [[Radioactive Contamination|contamination]] and [[irradiation]].
===Applications===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|[[File:SmokeDetector.png|center|600px]]
|-
| style="height:20px; width:600px; text-align:left;" |In a smoke detector [[Alpha Particle|alpha particles]] are released between two [[electrode]]s.
When the [[Alpha Particle|alpha particles]] [[Ionising Radiation|ionise]] the [[molecule]]s in the [[air]] the [[ion]]s move between the [[electrode]]s and a [[Electrical Current|current]] flows in the [[circuit]].
When smoke gets between the [[electrode]]s the [[ion]]s become stuck in large [[particle]]s of [[soot]] preventing them from moving. This stops the [[Electrical Current|current]] in the [[circuit]].
The [[ammeter]] in the [[circuit]] is connected to an alarm which goes off when there is no [[Electrical Current|current]].
|}